What is CBC Curriculum Design?
Kenya's Shift from Content to Competency-Based Learning
Kenya's CBC curriculum design, developed by the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), represents a fundamental shift from the content-based 8-4-4 system to a competency-based framework. The CBC is built around the development of core competencies, values and Pertinent and Contemporary Issues (PCIs) rather than purely content recall. The curriculum is structured around strands and sub-strands, with clearly defined specific learning outcomes for each grade level. SmartGrade's assessment tools are built to align with this structure, helping schools measure learner competency attainment against KICD targets.
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7 Core Competencies
Communication, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Citizenship, Digital Literacy, Learning to Learn, Self-Efficacy — developed across all subjects.
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11 Core Values
Love, Responsibility, Respect, Unity, Peace, Patriotism, Social Justice, Integrity, Care, Excellence and Dignity are embedded in all subject areas.
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Strands & Sub-Strands
Each subject is divided into strands (broad topics) and sub-strands (specific content areas). Learning outcomes are defined at the sub-strand level.
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Pertinent & Contemporary Issues (PCIs)
Cross-cutting themes including Environmental Education, Health Education, ESD and Life Skills integrated across all subjects.
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Continuous Assessment
CBC emphasises formative assessment through observation, oral questions, projects and portfolios alongside summative term exams.
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Holistic Learning
The CBC design promotes head (cognitive), heart (affective) and hands (psychomotor) development — not just academic knowledge.